Visa 10.4 — card-absent fraud
If the transaction was authenticated, the dispute is invalid on the network rules alone.
Reason-code guides
Chargeback reason codes, one guide each.
A chargeback's reason code decides which evidence can win it — the same exhibit that carries a fraud dispute is worthless on a not-as-described one. Each guide below covers one code family: what the code means, the evidence that actually wins it, and the network rule behind that, with every claim named to its source and flagged where the source is less than primary.
Visa 13.1 — item not received
Proof of delivery to the AVS-verified address is the decisive exhibit.
Visa 13.2 — cancelled subscription
A cancellation that post-dates the billing period, or usage after it, wins outright.
Visa 13.3 — not as described
Prove what was promised at order time and that the cardholder skipped the offered remedy.
Visa 13.6 — credit not processed
The processor batch/settlement record showing the refund cleared usually ends the dispute.
Honest triage
Before you fight any of them.
Not every chargeback is worth contesting. These are the published baselines every guide above quotes — read them before you spend an hour on a small-ticket dispute. For one specific dispute, our free chargeback check does the arithmetic.
- ~20% of contested disputes overall (Mastercard 2025 issuer-side data)
- 9–17% on true third-party fraud
- ~44% on friendly fraud
- ~47% on sub-$30 items vs ~28% on $300+
- Stripe's $15 dispute fee plus a $15 'countered' fee (US, since June 2025)
Proof, published
Every guide has a real packet behind it.
Each code family also has a complete, redacted sample packet — the same structure, exhibits, and citations a live dispute gets, with every figure fabricated. Browse the full sample-packet library.
Get this for every dispute
Counterproof builds the right packet for the code you were hit with.
Flat fee, no success cut. Deterministic evidence selection cited to the network rule, with the letter you can edit and a triage verdict when a case isn't worth fighting.